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Mechanism of Action of Hydroxychloroquine as an Antirheumatic Drug

Mechanism of Action of Hydroxychloroquine as an Antirheumatic Drug Abstract The antimalarial agents chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been used widely for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. These compounds lead to improvement of clinical and laboratory parameters, but their slow onset of action distinguishes them from glucocorticoids and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine increase pH within intracellular vacuoles and alter processes such as protein degradation by acidic hydrolases in the lysosome, assembly of macromolecules in the endosomes, and posttranslation modification of proteins in the Golgi apparatus. It is proposed that the antirheumatic properties of these compounds results from their interference with "antigen processing" in macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells. Acidic cytoplasmic compartments are required for the antigenic protein to be digested and for the pept
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Covid vaccination and thrombocytopenia

Indirectly everyone was made Covid positive with virus antigen, after two years everyone shocked and complained for thrombocytopenia, all viral infection causes thrombocytopenia, it's action of immune response to viral antigen, not only covid, past some years lots of people suffering from this disease, without any symptoms like fever and dengue. every hospital has many patients with low platelets. it means many more unknown viruses also infected to people who do not cause symptoms but this is unknown virus. all diagnostic method available only for known pathogens which causes acute and serious health issues. unknown and chronic less lethal virus not detectable because medical science not interested for identifying to know about these viruses. this is what I mean thrombocytopenia is old disease and it's causes for a long time, some patients have chronic disease it can not treated. disease called as ITP, past decade a lots of people suffering this disease, it might be caused by d

Virulence Meets Metabolism: The Unique Evolution of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus blogger vinod Kumar ☝ Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) is a versatile pathogen that infects many areas of the body and has a number of strategies for avoiding the immune response. In this episode, Niki Spahich from The Scientist’s Creative Services Team spoke with Anthony Richardson, an associate professor of microbiology and molecular genetics at the University of Pittsburgh, to learn how the bacterium fine-tunes its metabolism to survive in the host and why Staph’s metabolism makes it especially dangerous for people with diabetes. The Scientist Speaks is a podcast produced by The Scientist’s Creative Services Team. Our podcast is by scientists and for scientists. Once a month, we bring you the stories behind news-worthy molecular biology research. This month's episode is sponsored by Sartorius.

Structure Of ISO 9001. all clauses and definition

ISO. 9001 structure If you’re planning to comply with ISO 9001, you probably do not know how the standard is structured and what it requires to implement a QMS. Read further to learn more. What is ISO 9001 Structure?.  Clauses 0 to 3: Introduction, Scope, References, Terms and Definitions Clause 4: Context of the organization Clause 5: Leadership and commitment Clause 6: Planning for the QMS Clause 7: Support & resource management Clause 8: Operational planning and control Clause 9: Performance evaluation Clause 10: Improvement actions The  ISO 9001 requirements  provide a set of standard elements that will guide you in the implementation, maintenance, and improvement of a Quality Management System (QMS). The requirements are designed to be applicable to any kind of organization, for profit or nonprofit, manufacturing or service-based, large or small, regardless of the economic sector. The requirements describe which elements are mandatory in a QMS, but not how to implement those n

HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEM AND GUIDELINES FOR ITS APPLICATION. And All HACCP concept And Conclusion

All Concept of HACCP PREAMBLE The first section of this document sets out the principles of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The second section provides general guidance for the application of the system while recognizing that the details of application may vary depending on the circumstances of the food operation The HACCP system, which is science based and systematic, identifies specific hazards and measures for their control to ensure the safety of food. HACCP is a tool to assess hazards and establish control systems that focus on prevention rather than relying mainly on end-product testing. Any HACCP system is capable of accommodating change, such as advances in equipment design, processing procedures or technological developments. HACCP can be applied throughout the food chain from primary production to final consumption and its implementation should be guided by scientific evidence of risks to human health

Sugar pateint avoid this fruit because these fruits could be increase sugar levels

You can eat fruits—but some are higher in sugar than health experts would prefer. Here's our quick list of fruits for diabetics to avoid.   Pineapple You can tell when biting into a juicy piece of pineapple that it’s probably high in sugar. That sweet, sticky juice running down your chin contains about 16 grams of sugar per cup. You can cut back on the serving size by topping a yogurt parfait with diced pineapple.   Sweetened Cranberries Real cranberries are low in sugar and contain only 4 grams in an entire cup. However, once you dry them out and add sweetener, they’re no longer a healthy choice for people with diabetes. Rather than having dried cranberries on their own, use a small handful as a topping for oatmeal or   Raisins While raisins are an easy snack on-the-go, they’re not the best choice if you’re watching your blood sugar. According to the health experts people with diabetes should limit their fruit portions to 15 grams of carbohydrates. One cup of raisins contains 115

Diffrent between common cold viruses and corona viruses and its symptoms

  ๐Ÿ‘ซ๐Ÿ’ฅ๐Ÿ™Common colds A  common cold can make you feel miserable, but compared to the novel coronavirus and the flu, the symptoms are usually mild and may include:  Runny or stuffed nose Sneezing Cough Fatigue Sore throat Headaches "The common cold is not as deadly, but since any built-up immunity wanes over the course of a year, you can get the same common cold multiple times. Symptoms generally last seven to 10 days while your immune system battles the virus  Common cold virus Adenoviruses are common viruses that cause a range of illness. They can cause cold-like symptoms, fever, sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, and pink eye (conjunctivitis) Adenoviruses can  cause mild to severe illness , though serious illness is less common. People with weakened immune systems, or existing respiratory or cardiac disease, are at higher risk of developing severe illness from an adenovirus infection. Adenoviruses are medium-sized, nonenveloped viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid

How to protect skin from dryness in winter season

10 Winter Skin Care Tips The weather outside may be unsightly, but your skin doesn't have to be. How to banish dry skin and give your winter skin care regimen a boost. For many people, the cold clear days of winter bring more than just a rosy glow to the cheeks. They also bring uncomfortable dryness to the skin of the face, hands, and feet. For some people, the problem is worse than just a general tight, dry feeling: They get skin so dry it results in flaking, cracking, even eczema (in which the skin becomes inflamed). "As soon as you turn the heat on indoors, the skin starts to dry out," Bonnie LaPlante, an esthetician with the Canyon Ranch resort in Lenox, Mass., tells WebMD. "It doesn't matter if you heat your home using oil, wood, or electricity. The skin gets dry." Sound familiar? Read on to get WebMD's top 10 tips for boosting your winter skin care regimen, so that your skin stays moist and healthy through the winter months. 1. Seek a Specialist If