Mechanism of Action of Hydroxychloroquine as an Antirheumatic Drug Abstract The antimalarial agents chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been used widely for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. These compounds lead to improvement of clinical and laboratory parameters, but their slow onset of action distinguishes them from glucocorticoids and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine increase pH within intracellular vacuoles and alter processes such as protein degradation by acidic hydrolases in the lysosome, assembly of macromolecules in the endosomes, and posttranslation modification of proteins in the Golgi apparatus. It is proposed that the antirheumatic properties of these compounds results from their interference with "antigen processing" in macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells. Acidic cytoplasmic compartments are required for the antigenic protein to be digested and for the pept
Indirectly everyone was made Covid positive with virus antigen, after two years everyone shocked and complained for thrombocytopenia, all viral infection causes thrombocytopenia, it's action of immune response to viral antigen, not only covid, past some years lots of people suffering from this disease, without any symptoms like fever and dengue. every hospital has many patients with low platelets. it means many more unknown viruses also infected to people who do not cause symptoms but this is unknown virus. all diagnostic method available only for known pathogens which causes acute and serious health issues. unknown and chronic less lethal virus not detectable because medical science not interested for identifying to know about these viruses. this is what I mean thrombocytopenia is old disease and it's causes for a long time, some patients have chronic disease it can not treated. disease called as ITP, past decade a lots of people suffering this disease, it might be caused by d