Skip to main content

GATE 2019 Syllabus for Botany (XL-J)




GATE 2019 Syllabus for Botany (XL-J)


GATE 2019 Syllabus for Botany (XL-J): Students looking for developing their career in the field of engineering, technology, architecture look forward to get the outstanding results in the GATE examination. It is post-graduate level subjects in Science as well. The examination commenced by the Indian Institute of Science and now provided with the GATE 2019 Syllabus for Botany (XL-J). Given below is the whole syllabus that one needs to prepare to give at its best in the examination.
Section 1: Plant Systematics:Major systems of classification, phylogenetic relationships, plant groups, and molecular systematics.Section 2: Plant Anatomy:
Plant cell structure and its components membranes and ; cell wall; organization, cytoskeleton, anatomy of root, organelles, floral parts, stem and leaves, embryo and young seedlings, meristems, vascular system, their ontogeny, structure and functions, stellar organization and secondary growth in plants.

Section 3: Morphogenesis & Development:

Cell cycle, pollination, cell division, life cycle of an angiosperm, fertilization, seed formation, seed storage proteins, embryogenesis, seed dormancy and germination. Concept of cellular totipotency, clonal propagation; artificial seed, embryo culture, somaclonal variation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, secondary metabolism in plant cell culture, in vitro fertilization.

Section 4: Physiology and Biochemistry:

Plant water relations, stress physiology, N2 metabolism, stomatal physiology, transport of minerals and solutes, signal transduction, photosynthesis, photorespiration; respiration, Flowering: photoperiodism and vernalization, molecular mechanism of senencensce and aging, biochemical mechanisms involved in flowering; structure and function of biomolecules, biosynthesis, mechanism of action and physiological effects of plant growth regulators, (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid), enzyme kinetics.

Section 5: Genetics:

Principles of Mendelian inheritancerecombination, , linkage, genetic mapping; prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome organization, regulation of gene expression, gene mutation and repair, extrachromosomal inheritance; chromosomal aberrations (numerical and structural), transposons.
Section 6: Plant Breeding and Genetic Modification:
Principles, methods –heterosis; male sterility, genetic maps, selection, hybridization, and molecular markers, sporophytic and haploidy, triploidy, gametophytic self incompability, marker-assisted selection, somatic cell hybridization, transgenic plants and their application in agriculture, gene transfer methods viz. direct and vector-mediated, plastid transformation, molecular pharming, plantibodies.

Section 7: Economic Botany:

A general account of economically and medicinally important plants- yielding fibers, pigments, dyes, gums, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, cereals, pulses, plants, rubber, drugs and narcotics. Economic importance of fungi, lichen, algae, and bacteria.

Section 8: Plant Pathology:

Diseases of important crops caused by fungi, , nematodes, bacteria and viruses, Nature and classification of plant diseases, and their control measures, mechanism(s) of pathogenesis and resistance, plant-microbe beneficial interactions, molecular detection of pathogens

Section 9: Ecology and Environment:

Ecosystems – ecological succession types, dynamics, degradation; energy flow and food chains; pollution and global warming, speciation and extinction, vegetation types of the world, conservation strategies, cryopreservation, phytoremediation.
You can prepare according above GATE 2019 Syllabus for Botany (XL-J). This is complete information about GATE 2019 Syllabus for Botany (XL-J).

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Beer production

Brewing  is the production of  beer  by steeping  a  starch  source (commonly cereal  grains, the most popular of which is  barley ) [1]  in water and  fermenting  the resulting sweet liquid with  yeast . It may be done in a  brewery  by a commercial brewer, at home by a  homebrewer , or by a variety of traditional methods such as communally by the  indigenous peoples in Brazil  when making  cauim . [2]  Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence suggests that emerging civilizations including  ancient Egypt [3] and  Mesopotamia  brewed beer. [4]  Since the nineteenth century the  brewing industry  has been part of most western economies. The basic ingredients of beer are water and a  fermentable  starch source such as  malted barley . Most beer is fermented with a  brewer's yeast  and fl...
Post a Comment
Read more

When to see a doctor If you can't ๐Ÿ˜ดsleep In over night or traveld sleep.you may be suffring from inosomia know more about inosomia

What is Insomnia? If you can't sleep, you may be wondering if you have insomnia. Insomnia is a complicated condition. What is the definition of insomnia? According to guidelines from a physician group,  insomnia  is difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, even when a person has the chance to do so. People with insomnia can feel dissatisfied with their sleep and usually experience one or more of the following symptoms : fatigue, low energy, difficulty concentrating, mood disturbances, and decreased performance in work or at school. How long does insomnia last? Insomnia may be characterized based on its duration.  Acute insomnia  is brief and often happens because of life circumstances (for example, when you can't fall asleep the night before an exam, or after receiving stressful or bad news). Many people may have experienced this type of passing sleep disruption, and it tends to resolve without any treatment. Chronic insomnia  is d...
Post a Comment
Read more

Ethanol fermentation

Ethanol fermentation Read in another language Watch this page Edit In ethanol fermentation, (1) one glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvates. The energy from this exothermic reaction is used to bind the inorganic phosphates to ADP and convert NAD+ to NADH. (2) The two pyruvates are then broken down into two acetaldehydes and give off two CO2 as a by-product. (3) The two acetaldehydes are then converted to two ethanol by using the H- ions from NADH, converting NADH back intoNAD+.                     Ethanol fermentation , also called alcoholic fermentation , is a   biological process   which converts   sugars   such as glucose ,   fructose , and   sucrose   into cellular energy , producing   ethanol   and carbon dioxide   as by-products. Because yeasts   perform this conversion in the absence of   oxygen , alcoholic fermentation   is conside...
3 comments
Read more